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Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological disorder caused by the
long-term use of neuroleptic drugs, or anti-psychotic medications.
Neuroleptic drugs are generally prescribed for psychiatric
disorders, as well as for some gastrointestinal and neurological
disorders. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia is estimated to be
10 to 20 percent of individuals treated with anti-psychotic
medications. The elderly are more susceptible to persistent and
irreversible tardive dyskinesia than younger people.
Repetitive and involuntary movements characterize tardive
dyskinesia. Features of the disorder may include grimacing, tongue
protrusion, lip smacking, puckering and pursing, and rapid eye
blinking. Rapid movements of the arms, legs, and trunk may also
occur. Approximately 60 to 70 percent of the cases are mild, with
about 3 percent being extremely severe. Severe cases may involve
problems such as difficulty swallowing, speech interference,
cosmetic disfiguration, and respiratory trouble.
How is it treated?
There is no standard treatment for tardive dyskinesia. In many
cases the medication will be adjusted to use the lowest possible
dose, or discontinued if at all possible. Stopping the medication
is a gradual process, lowering the doses 10 to 25 percent every one
to three months. Replacing the neuroleptic drug with other
medications may help some patients. Other drugs such as
benzodiazepines, adrenergic antagonists, and dopamine agonists may
also be beneficial. Symptoms of tardive dyskinesia may remain even
after the medication is stopped. However, with careful management,
some symptoms may improve or disappear with time.
FOR MORE INFORMATION:
Contact your local Mental Health Association, community mental
health center,
or for additional resources, please call 1-800-969-NMHA.
National Mental
Health Association
2001 N. Beauregard Street, 12th Floor
Alexandria, VA 22311
Phone 703/684-7722
Fax 703/684-5968
Mental Health Resource Center 800/969-NMHA
TTY Line 800/433-5959
Tardive Dyskinesia/ Tardive Dystonia National Assoc.
P.O. Box 45732
Seattle, WA 98145-0732
(206) 522-3166
National Institute of Mental Health
Public Inquiries
6001 Executive Blvd.
Room 8184, MSC 9663
Bethesda, MD 20892-9663
(301) 443-4515
National Org. for Rare
Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-8923
(203) 746-6518 or (800) 999-6673
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